tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-60987407718298430722024-02-20T17:01:50.813-08:00Common application essay promptsAlvina Woodworthhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07502565603875018215noreply@blogger.comBlogger156125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6098740771829843072.post-91329844562651981602020-08-23T01:53:00.001-07:002020-08-23T01:53:19.115-07:00Emerging Issues In Hospitality And Tourism - Myassignmenthelp.ComAlvina Woodworthhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07502565603875018215noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6098740771829843072.post-68820299504357368702020-08-21T23:35:00.001-07:002020-08-21T23:35:25.945-07:00Rites of Spring by Modris EksteinsThis paper is planned for examining the book Rites of Spring by Modris Eksteins. In this work, he investigates the hidden reasons for World War I, its impacts on peopleââ¬â¢s encounters, and the drawn out impacts of this political and social catastrophe.Advertising We will compose a custom exposition test on Rites of Spring by Modris Eksteins explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More This subject has been inspected by different students of history, however Modris Eksteins adopts a somewhat unique strategy to this inquiry. The creator centers around different perspectives. Specifically, he talks about the way of life of the western human advancement; besides, he specifies that war, penance, and viciousness were indistinguishable pieces of this culture (Eksteins 15). He attempts to exhibit the connection among innovation and the political history of the western world. Additionally, the essayist examines the idea of political unions existing toward the start of the twent ieth century. Along these lines, the researcher endeavors to recognize the thought processes that could have incited different states to go into this military clash. This source is likewise planned for inspecting peopleââ¬â¢s view of this war. This is the reason he centers around different artistic sources just as journals. One of the authorââ¬â¢s aims is to inspect the manner by which officers pondered this war. This is the reason Modris Eksteins specifies the purported Christmas Truce (Eksteins 97). Moreover, the author talks about the ramifications of World War I. For example, this book illuminates the ascent of National Socialism in Germany and Italy (Eksteins 321). Besides, Modris Eksteinsââ¬â¢s book shows how this military clash prepared to World War II.Advertising Looking for exposition on history? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More For example, he alludes to the Treaty of Versailles and its confinements (Ekste ins 253). These are a portion of the principle angles that can be distinguished. This book doesn't follow an exacting sequential example. Also, Modris Eksteins can draw the associations between the occasions that don't appear to be connected. In general, the researcher centers around such subjects as culture, endeavors to alter the expression of war, and post-war convictions and mentalities. They are basic for depicting the historical backdrop of the twentieth century. The researcher takes a gander at different nations, however he takes the best enthusiasm for the social and political history of Germany. One of the most significant topics analyzed by the essayist is the quirks of the Western culture. Toward the start of the book, Modris Eksteins examines the well known artful dance The Rite of Spring formed by Igor Stravinsky. He draws in the readersââ¬â¢ consideration regarding the possibility that the possibility of human penance assumes a significant job in this work of art. A s he would like to think, ââ¬Å"the festivity of life through conciliatory deathâ⬠speaks to the soul of the twentieth century (Eksteins 15). Eksteins contends that the pioneer workmanship, which started to rise during that period, ââ¬Å"transcended reason, instruction, and good purposeâ⬠(Eksteins 15). Also, it didn't depict war and enduring as something incredible. More probable, war and viciousness were celebrated. This is one of the primary perspectives that can be singled out. However, it is critical to recollect that Modris Eksteins doesn't completely clarify the causal relations between different works of art made during that period and the military clash which inundated the whole Europe.Advertising We will compose a custom paper test on Rites of Spring by Modris Eksteins explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Nevertheless, one can likewise contend that culture basically mirrored the perspectives and estimations of numerous individuals. It probably won't be the main impetus of history.This is one of the constraints that ought not be ignored. The author sees culture as one of the variables that could have incited a few countries to enter this war. For example, he notes for Germans, this war was a method of extending the impact of their way of life (Eksteins 77). German savvy people underlined the significance of a personââ¬â¢s inward opportunity. As they would like to think, this quality recognized Germans among other European countries. Also, it is essential to recall that numerous German craftsmen and scholars required a pioneer who could accomplish significance for the nation (Eksteins 315). The blend of these perspectives incredibly added to the brutality submitted by the German state. By the by, this view on World War I totally prohibits monetary and geopolitical contemplations. Moreover, Modris Eksteins doesn't show why comparable inclinations were not seen in different nations like France or England. Along these line s, a portion of his decisions can be questioned in light of the fact that the researcher bars the models that negates his contentions. This is one of the focuses that can be made. There is another significant subject which ought not be neglected. Specifically, one ought to talk about peopleââ¬â¢s endeavors to accommodate the experience of war with their qualities, customs, or conventions. The creator shows how German, British or French fighters endeavored to make this presence increasingly adequate or decent. Along these lines, they endeavored to show how silly this war had been. This is one of the issues that Modris Eksteins centers on.Advertising Searching for article on history? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More For instance, he depicts a short ceasefire during the Christmas of 1914 (Eksteins 97). This occasion has been depicted in scholarly and scholastic sources. To inspect the encounters of officers, Modris Eksteins looks at different essential sources. Among them one can separate the acclaimed novel All Quiet on the Western Front by Erich Maria Remarque. The creator talks about different sources which can show how individuals could conform to war. By and large, this methodology is useful for understanding the hardships that troopers needed to survive. Aside from that, this point of view is helpful in light of the fact that it empowers the perusers to get familiar with singular stories that are frequently neglected by antiquarians. This piece of Modris Eksteinsââ¬â¢ book is presumably the most grounded one. The post-war presence of individuals is the topic that Modris Eksteins looks at. The creator concedes that the finish of World War I didn't resolve a large number and potential clas hes inside Europe. He perceives the confinements of the Versailles Treaty which put the weight of obligation regarding this war just on Germany (Eksteins 253). One can even say that it was a ceasefire which just deferred war. This assessment is shared by different students of history. Modris Eksteins is very right in distinguishing the downside of this arrangement. Much consideration is likewise paid to the way of life which started to create during that period. All things considered, it reflected peopleââ¬â¢s requirement for harmony and strength. However, there are some significant patterns that ought to be considered. The creator talks about the admiration of innovation and will. This contention is especially significant in the event that one talks about Charles Lindbergh who turned out to be very renowned for his direct departure from Long Island to France (Eksteins 243). The primary issue is that such mentalities added to the admiration of individuals who asserted to groups t he quality of will. Among them, one can surely recognize Adolf Hitler and Mussolini. Somewhat, they needed to be seen as perfect individuals who reserved a privilege to administer or even curb others. These models can be exceptionally persuading, yet this line of thinking isn't material to such nations as England or the United States in which there were no imperious pioneers. This is one of the disadvantages that ought not be neglected. It is conceivable to state that the creator needs to draw associations between the way of life of innovation and political history of western human advancement. One of the central matters is that that innovation transformed the political history of the twentieth century into a bad dream. In any case, he wouldn't like to concede the possibility that innovation was only a reaction to the abhorrences of wars that broke out all the time. This is one of the subtleties that ought to be distinguished. Also, the researcher wouldn't like to consider the conte ntions between and inside different nations which could have prompted numerous military showdowns. As it has been said previously, one can't ignore financial and political history of western states. The social history of this period is surely significant, yet it can't be isolated from zones of human movement. All in all, this book can be of incredible enthusiasm to individuals, who are keen on the starting points of World War I. This book is significant for delineating the mentalities and convictions of individuals who inhabited the start of the twentieth century. Additionally, this source might be useful for looking at the mentalities of individuals during the period between the two wars. In any case, the creator makes wide speculations that are not completely validated. All things considered, these constraints don't sabotage the potential estimation of this book for an extraordinary number of perusers. Works Cited Eksteins, Modris. Rituals of Spring: The Great War and the Birth of the Modern Age,à New York: Mariner Books, 2000. Print. This exposition on Rites of Spring by Modris Eksteins was composed and presented by client Axel C. to help you with your own examinations. You are allowed to utilize it for research and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; nonetheless, you should refer to it as needs be. You can give your paper here. Alvina Woodworthhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07502565603875018215noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6098740771829843072.post-19271752668695365982020-07-13T04:41:00.001-07:002020-07-13T04:41:04.535-07:00Book Riots Deals of the Day for February 5, 2020Book Riotâs Deals of the Day for February 5, 2020 Sponsored by Workman Publishing, publisher of Letâs Be Weird Together: A Book About Love by Brooke Barker and Boaz Frankel. These deals were active as of this writing, but may expire soon, so get them while theyâre hot! 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Alvina Woodworthhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07502565603875018215noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6098740771829843072.post-56421844156986585942020-05-20T06:17:00.001-07:002020-05-20T06:17:05.654-07:00Japanese Characters And Chinese Setting - 1680 Words On 1 September 1923, the day that the Great Kanto earthquake struck the regions of Tokyo and Yokohama, Junichiro Tanizaki was staying in at Hakone, a hot springs resort west of Tokyo. Years later he would admit that, almost before he thought to feel concern for those dear to him, a perverse surge of excitement arose in him: Tokyo, too long held in the shadows of its Edo past would be reborn, ââ¬Å"Tokyo will be better for this!â⬠¦I imagined the grandeur of the new metropolis, and all the changes that would come in customs and manners as well.â⬠Now had come the great blow to usher in modernity, a magnificent city parallel to those found in the West would Tokyo become. Such a vision was understandably attractive to a young Tanizaki, whoseâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Unlike much of his earlier writing which deals with the ââ¬Ëallure of the Westââ¬â¢ in unquestioning terms, ââ¬ËNaomiââ¬â¢, whilst continuing to locate exotic space in the West, does so from a criti cal perspective. This is no more evident than in the confessional tone of the novelââ¬â¢s opening paragraphs: ââ¬Å"â⬠¦As Japan grows increasingly cosmopolitan, Japanese and foreigners are eagerly mingling with one another; all sorts of new doctrines and philosophies are being introduced; and both men and women are adopting [emphasis mine] up-to-date western fashions. No doubt, the times being what they are, the sort of marital relationship that we ve had, unheard of until now, will begin to turn up on all sides.â⬠Kawai Joji, the first-person narrator of ââ¬ËNaomiââ¬â¢ begins his tale in this fashion, offering the reader a relevant historical framework in which to place the story of his life. However, the central motifs of the tale soon take form in the early relationship of Joji and the object of his affection, Naomi, a ââ¬Å"buddingâ⬠hostess at a cafe. The protagonist declares unabashedly that what first drew him to his young wife was neither her appearance nor character, but her distinctly western-sounding name, a ââ¬Å"sophisticated nameâ⬠when romanised. Once he learns of her Western name, the girl takes on the appearance of a Westerner in his mind, her image is likened throughout the text to the motion-picture actress Mary Pickford. Naomi becomes a fleshly ââ¬Å"signifierâ⬠of the West and thus he mustShow MoreRelatedManââ¬â¢yà shà « vs. Kokinshà « and Their Significance1103 Words à |à 5 PagesThe Manââ¬â¢yà shà « and the Kokinshà « are perhaps among the most revered and earliest collections of Japanese poetry. 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As time passed, many hardships came to light, as her beloved father and her older brother Alvina Woodworthhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07502565603875018215noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6098740771829843072.post-31538336719016142282020-05-06T23:06:00.001-07:002020-05-06T23:06:08.504-07:00Procrastination Essay - 526 Words Procrastination Procrastination is the act or habits of putting things off till the end out of laziness. Almost every student knows this dreaded word. They know if it becomes a habit, disaster happens with a sharp decline in school grades. But what they donââ¬â¢t realize is that procrastinating can actually benefit you in school. It can make you work harder, faster, and more efficiently on school assignments. Even life skills in the real world can be created from procrastinating. Procrastination can actually help you work harder, faster, and more efficiently. It sounds like an impossible thing, however if youââ¬â¢re like me or any other person that wants a fairly good mark on the next assignment, procrastinating can help you. While yourâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦It actually helps you, because it gives that need of drive to actually still maintain a good mark on it. Efficiency comes in when you have your daily homework piled on to your assignment, the need to get the assignment done kicks in. You will feel less of a need to do other things that you normally do, and cut down on the breaks, including the old rest up and watch TV, one. Also essential life skills in the real world become developed through procrastinating. In the busy world of work, everyone knows that that boss of yours will always set impossible deadlines. The knowing of having to get it done perfectly and fast is always on the employerââ¬â¢s mind. When already experienced through procrastinating, you will already know the field of trying to cram a lot of work into a very little time frame. Procrastination can honestly boast you to higher levels of achievement. It makes you nervous and deadlines will be hanging from your head. It helps set a planning stage for you, and makes you aware of all the other tasks that is needed to be completed. The management of time will also be used. Time managing of what to do first and last including dividing the assignment into steps, or knowing what to do to get the best result within a smaller amount of time is very handy in the feature. This habit is not so dreaded at all. I feel that procrastinating isnââ¬â¢t all that bad, and actually benefits you. 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(Steel, Farrari, 2013) Perfectionism is when one sets very high expectations often in an ââ¬Å"overly critical mannerâ⬠(Frost, Marten, Lahart,Rosenblate,1990). Thereââ¬â¢s two types of perfectionism, adaptive and maladaptive where adaptive components are beneficial to the situational and maladaptive components will be detrimental to the individual. (Piers Steel, Thomas BrothenRead More Procrastination Essay1141 Words à |à 5 Pages Procrastination nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Procrastination is the avoidance of doing a task that needs to be accomplished. Procrastination has a high potential for painful consequences. It may interfere with our personal or academic success. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; There are those of us who wait until the due date is a day away. I am not talking about making sure the money is in the bank. I am talking about putting it off because it is a tedious chore that we do not enjoy doing. ProcrastinationRead More Procrastination Essays932 Words à |à 4 Pagesobjectives in your life which can effect others. Procrastination is almost like a drug in your life, because once you start doing it a little bit, it slowly adds up to a dependency that you will find to be common habit. Although this is what we all perceive procrastination to be bad, there are some benefits to it. It can have beneficial impact on how you take pressure, or how well you can act when time is limited. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Procrastination is something that you donââ¬â¢t naturally haveRead MoreProcrastination Essay982 Words à |à 4 PagesI have many flaws, one of which being procrastination. Procrastination has been a flaw of mine since I was three years old just learning to tie my shoe. When my dad told me that we were going to learn to tie my shoes today I would says something like, ââ¬Å"Iââ¬â¢m Hungryâ⬠or ââ¬Å"I donââ¬â¢t feel too good todayâ⬠, and I would make these excuses up all day until it was bedtime so by then it was too late to tie my shoes. Now just like avoiding and putting off tying my shoes I also put off my bedtime. As soon as myRead MoreThe Causes Of Procrastination815 Words à |à 4 PagesProcrastination is the avoidance of doing a task that needs to be accomplished. It is a common issue most Americans face today. Procrastination can be argued whether or not if itââ¬â¢s caused by choice. There are various factors that lead to procr astination such as; our being brain programmed to procrastinate, feeling like you arenââ¬â¢t in the right frame of mind to do a particular task, and the lack of self-confidence. Procrastination doesnââ¬â¢t happen just because, it is a result of our brain being programmedRead MoreEssay On Procrastination1405 Words à |à 6 Pagesââ¬Å"I have a ton of homework to do, but letââ¬â¢s go hang out anyways!â⬠This is an example of procrastination. Procrastinating is an action of delaying or postponing something. The problems of procrastinating effects a lot of students in college and can sometimes keep them from receiving better grades on their assignments. Procrastination affects around 90 percent of college students. (qtd in Hubbard) Procrastinating occurs when students feel lack of motivation, not having accountability for their ââ¬Å"extra Alvina Woodworthhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07502565603875018215noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6098740771829843072.post-45836542077003490992020-05-06T07:28:00.001-07:002020-05-06T07:28:28.040-07:00The Dirty Truth on Brave New World Essay TopicsThe Dirty Truth on Brave New World Essay Topics The 30-Second Trick for Brave New World Essay Topics Completely free Brave New World essay samples are offered on FreeEssayHelp with no payment or registration. Essays shouldn't be written carelessly. Brave New World isn't a work without flaws. B. Control must appear to be magnanimous. Take a look at our Brave New World essay if you would like to learn about interaction of women and men in the novel. Women do not need to deliver babies. Relationships between women and men are different. Rate the equality of women and men in Brave New World. In terms of art, people don't make it. Happiness isn't just achieved by conditioning but in addition by the usage of a drug named Soma, or the ideal pleasure drug that supplies a mindless, inauthentic happiness, which would make the people comfortable with their deficiency of freedom. People don't require a repressive external force as they're weird to repress themselves. Therefore, there's no cause for fear. There's no need to consider about feelings both oneself and others. It isn't a true happiness. Sex is regarded as recreation and there's no immorality in orgies. Human individuals in the present world aren't born equal. For a lengthier essay on this subject, think about the methods by which the ideas of the happiness in Brave New World are connected with consumption and the way this society is trying to create a consumer utopia. In many ways, it is almost a story of survival not survival as opposed to the natural world, but survival of the human race, of individuals trying to live in a world where the individual spirit is considered nonexistent. Although nearly all of the significant characters have some bodily or personality trait which makes them unconventional, the majority of them don't emphasize or exercise their difference in a manner that challenges the reigning order. The purpose of establishing a new type of relations between women and men in Hawksley is to steer clear of sufferings and intrigues which often occur in relationships between genders and keep them from effective performing of their duties for the interest of the World State. The interaction between women and men occur just on the physical level for satisfying the simple human demand for pleasure and is known as the mutual use of one another. Nevertheless, the males aren't sterilized. The better part of the population is broken into classes and nobody can think for themselves. The capacity to communicate with the expert also enables you to follow up on the advancement of the paper. Some insist on using the exact same content no matter the consequences involved. Furthermore, the most recent technologies made the practice of reproduction a lot simpler and more effective. A specific interest arises around the problem of women and men relations. Alongside the topics, you'd come across loads of papers free of charge. Every time you make an attempt to sit down to compose the essay examples, you wind up pre-occupied with different things affecting the caliber of work that you write. The main reason for this is to make sure that all papers are written with the right academic language including good use of phrases and structuring of sentences. Therefore, there's no need to perceive distinctive realities and societal orders hostile. The body was altered to create the state function more smoothly. It is essential for humans to get their own experiences throughout the plan of nature. An individual who is courageous in the face of ethical challenges does the appropriate thing even if it is not popular. Brave New World Essay Topics Help! It's important to set a lot of work into these steps of your task too as a way to succeed. All you will need is get inspired by one of the subsequent topics and just begin writing. You should have your reasons, and our principal concern is that you wind up getting an excellent grade. The issue here is that you're most likely to be awarded a bad grade which you did not mean to have in the very first place. Alvina Woodworthhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07502565603875018215noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6098740771829843072.post-6063589291753551102020-04-23T21:09:00.001-07:002020-04-23T21:09:02.874-07:00Sociological Theory free essay sample This assignment will outline the beginnings of sociological theory including historical development of the main theories, namely functionalism and Marxism, and a view of interactionism. The social context in which each of these theories emerged will be detailed with inclusion of possible effects of the social issues at the time. It is often said that sociology is the ââ¬Ëscience of societyââ¬â¢. Society is commonly seen as the people and institutions, and the relationships between them. The patterns formed by relationships among people, groups, and institutions for the ââ¬Ësocial structureââ¬â¢ of a society. A series of political upheavals that were instigated as a result of the French Revolution in 1789 created social chaos and many early social theorists sought to analyse societal behaviour in order to ascertain whether the behaviour was a result of the unrest, or whether the political and social chaos was resultant of predetermined or learned behaviour patterns in the individual. We will write a custom essay sample on Sociological Theory or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This may have been an attempt at returning to old order or, more likely, an attempt to establish a new order in the modern society that was emerging. Functionalism sees society as a social system based on ââ¬Ëconsensusââ¬â¢. It stems from the assumption that society has certain basic needs which must be met if it is to survive. The most important being social order. Sociologists sought to answer such issues as what social order is based on, and how social order is possible. It is assumed by functionalists that a certain level of cooperation is needed which would be made possible by adherence to social norms and values. To ensure these norms and values are followed sociologists theorise that methods of ââ¬Ësocial controlââ¬â¢ are implemented. Examples of formal methods of social control are Educational establishments, police force, and government and informal control can be family, peer pressure and media. The acknowledged ââ¬Ëfounding fatherââ¬â¢ of Functionalism in modern sociology was Emile Durkheim. Durkheim was greatly influenced by philosopher Auguste Comte who was in turn cited with founding the ââ¬Ëpositivismââ¬â¢ movement, and Durkheimââ¬â¢s sociological reflections were first expressed in The Division of Labour in Society (1893) and Suicide (1897). In this view, ethical and social structures were endangered by technology and mechanization. The industrial revolution in particular had a massive effect on the transformation of western societies, from largely rural and agricultural communities to predominantly industrial systems. Within this new society a few tended to profit greatly whilst the peasants who had left agriculture for factory work found only low wages, bad treatment, and poor living conditions due to such a massing of humanity and industrial waste. Accompanying these issues were a long list of problems created by this urbanisation which attracted the attention of early sociologists such as Durkheim. The division of labour produced alienation among workers, and the increased prosperity of the late 19th century generated greed and passions that threatened the equilibrium of society. Durkheim drew attention to anomie, or social disconnectedness, and studied suicide as a decision to renounce life. Following the Dreyfus Affair, a political scandal which divided France during the 1890s and early 1900s which involved the wrongful conviction of Jewish military officer Alfred Dreyfus (1859-1935) for treason. Durkheim came to regard education and religion as the most potent means of reforming humanity and moulding new social institutions. His The Elementary Forms of Religious Life (1912) is an anthropological study centring largely on symbolism of religion and the origins and functions of this, which Durkheim saw as expressing the collective conscience of a society and thus producing social solidarity. Durkheimââ¬â¢s functionalist theories were carried on and expanded throughout the 20th century, and theorists such as Talcott Parsons and his protige Robert K. Merton in the shape of structural functionalism, which began form the so-called problem of social order and posed the question of how society would hold together when all the individuals within it are self-interested and pursue their own wants and needs, often at the expense of others. However a reaction against the industrial system and capitalism led to the emergence of various ââ¬Ëconflictââ¬â¢ theories, and the most well-known of these is ââ¬ËMarxism. This theory is similar in some ways to functionalism in that it sees society as a system and human behaviour to some extent is a response to that system. As the moniker suggests, conflict rather than consensus is the driving force behind this theory. Social groups are in conflict since their interests are in opposition and social order tends to be imposed by the powerful in society rather than encouraged and agreed by society as a whole. Some theorists such as propose that the concept of ideology is important to society. The ideology, or set of beliefs and values can be used to distort reality and ensure members of society see their world in terms of the ideology rather than the so-called truth of oppression and exploitation. This in turn would lead to social order to to a lack of awareness and pacivity of society. Marxism emerged as an alternative vision of a workers paradise, in which wealth was equitably distributed and was founded by Karl Marx and Frederick Engels. This theory proposed freedom and equality for the ââ¬Ëbourgeoiseââ¬â¢ or working class. Marx theorised that the capitalist state would eventually succumb to revolution and a new socialist equilibrium would be introduced. This would do away with the haves and have-nots and a classless society would be born. In contrast to Karl Marxââ¬â¢ theories, Max Weber saw class conflict as less significant and in Weberââ¬â¢s view economic factors are important, but ideas and values can also help to bring about social change. Weberââ¬â¢s work The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism (1905) proposes that religious values were of fundamental importance in creating a capitalistic outlook. Unlike other early sociologists Wever argued that social action should be studied and meaning sought in individual actions. However, the interactions between people within society and social interactions should be considered. George Herbert Mead (1863-1891) is credited with laying the foundations for an approach to sociology called ââ¬Ësymbolic interactionismââ¬â¢. One of his most famous books, Mind, Self, and Society ( ) is often taken as a guide for the symbolic interactionist approach. Along with Mead, two other important early sociologists who shaped the interactionist tradition were Charles Horton Cooley and William Isaac Thomas. The most influential contributor to the symbolic interactionist tradition was Herbert Blumer, who coined the perspectiveââ¬â¢s label in 1937. Blumerââ¬â¢s book, Symbolic Interactionism (à ) serves as another foundational work for the perspective, and Irving Goffmanââ¬â¢s studies of mental institutions can be seen as one of the most successful interactionist studies. Goffman looked at the processes of stigmatization and the ways in which people resent their selves in social encounters. Whilst symbolic interactionism hovered on the fringes of sociological theo ry throughout the 20th century, it became prominent as a theoretical perspective in its own right during the 1960s and this, along with functionalism and conflict theory, is now regarded as one of the three distinctive models for understanding social life. Interactionists often reject the idea that social structures exist objectively and tend to dismiss them in this theory. In contrast to functionalism and conflict theory, symbolic Interactionism focuses of micro level interactions and the ways in which meanings are constructed and transmitted and in doing so it accentuates how symbols, interaction, and human agency serve as the cornerstones of social life Mead argued that the individual self is in fact a ââ¬Ësocial selfââ¬â¢ produced during interaction processes rather than being biologically given. Meadââ¬â¢s theory traces the emergence of self through a series of stages in childhood and his ideas of the social self underpins interactionist research Interactionists stressed that sociologists could best understand social lifeââ¬â¢s core features by taking the role of the individuals or groups they were studying, particularly by engaging in participant observation. By the 1980s mainstream sociology had accepted much of the core of the symbolic interactionist approach, with its emphases on meaning, agency, and the interpretive analysis of interactional processes, as a legitimate and central part of the discipline. Thus, interactionism no longer represented a distinctive oppositional perspective as it had previously. In recent decades interactionism has grown in a number of new directions. With respect to methodology, its approach has broadened to include contextualized discourse analysis, ethnographic observation, content analysis, textual analysis, performance studies, and autoethnography. Interactionism has also become a more prominent perspective in a diverse array of disciplines. Another interactionist perspective worth noting is that of feminist theories. The history of feminist politics and theory is often cited as consisting of three ââ¬Å"waves. â⬠First-wave being womenââ¬â¢s suffrage movements of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The second-wave feminism is associated with the womenââ¬â¢s liberation movements of the 1960s and 1970s where feminists began concentrating on less ââ¬Å"officialâ⬠barriers to gender equality, addressing issues like sexuality, reproductive rights, womenââ¬â¢s roles and labor in the home, and patriarchal culture and finally, third-wave feminism is associated with feminist politics and movements that began in the 1980s and continue on to today. This emerged out of a critique of the politics of the second wave, as many feminists felt that earlier generations had over-generalized the experiences of white, middle-class, heterosexual women and ignored (and even suppressed) the viewpoints of women of colour, the poor, gay, lesbian, and transgender people, and women from the non-Western world. Feminist social theory has influenced and been influenced by the agendas and struggles of each of these waves. ââ¬Å"First-waveâ⬠theorists like Mary Wollstonecraft and Susan B. Anthony were influential for their focus on how womenââ¬â¢s lack of legal rights contributed to their social demotion, exclusion, and suffering. ââ¬Å"Second-waveâ⬠theorists like Betty Friedan and Andrea Dworkin were prominent for their focus on womenââ¬â¢s sexuality, reproduction, and the social consequences of living in a patriarchal culture. And ââ¬Å"third-waveâ⬠theorists like Judith Butler and Gayatri Spivak are significant for critiquing the idea of a universal experience of womanhood and drawing attention to the sexually, economically, and racially excluded. Moreover, feminist social theorists in each wave have critiqued the male biases implicit in social theory itself, helping to construct social theory that draws on rather than excludes the experiences of women. Conclusion Ultimately, if feminism, broadly understood, is concerned with improving the conditions of women in society, feminist social theory is about developing ideas, concepts, philosophies, and other intellectual programs that help meet that agenda. Feminist social theory, like any theoretical tradition, is best seen as a continuing conversation of many voices and viewpoints. But feminist concerns that filtered into early sociology only on the margins. In spite of their marginal status, early women sociologists like Harriet Martineau and Marianne Weber wrote a significant body of theory that is being rediscovered today. This is in contrast to functionalism where moderns theorists are The ideas of sociologists such as Marx, Durkheim and Weber were formed during times of great social, political and economic change which their prespectives sough to understand. But sociological theory can Alvina Woodworthhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07502565603875018215noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6098740771829843072.post-73887066585909202032020-03-17T16:16:00.001-07:002020-03-17T16:16:03.866-07:00How to Develop Your CV and Find a Job with Career Expert Mildred TalabiHow to Develop Your CV and Find a Job with Career Expert Mildred Talabi Mildred Talabi knows the Resume inside and out. As a Career Expert, sheââ¬â¢s analyzed every step of the job hunting process, which she breaks down in detail on her blog, and she took a moment to speak with us about how to make your job hunting that much easier. What makes a great CV?I believe there are seven fundamental keys to creating not just a great CV, but what I call a ââ¬Å"winningâ⬠CV ââ¬â a CV that gets you results. These seven keys are a lot to go into in detail here, but as a summary theyââ¬â¢re related to knowing your target industry, structuring your CV correctly, engaging with your personal profile, sharing your skills effectively, taking care of the visuals, eliminating spelling and grammar mistakes, and keeping to a good overall length.What common CV mistakes do you see online?The most common serious ones are spelling and grammar mistakes; poor layout and formatting, which makes it hard to engage with the CV; and generic CVs which are not tailored to any industry in particular. However, more minor things like writing the words ââ¬Å"CVâ⬠or ââ¬Å"Curriculum Vitaeâ⬠at the top of a CV or including references are also mistakes that jobseekers should avoid.Whatââ¬â¢s the one thing that needs to be on every CV?I would say a very strong introduction that skillfully and concisely summarizes what you have to offer as a potential candidate for the job at hand. Get this right, and you will have the employer hooked from the beginning and eager to read the rest of your CV.How can we make sure our CVs are more readable for job boards and the like?Newsflash ââ¬â job boards are not human! This means theyââ¬â¢re programmed to shortlist very quickly by picking up on specific terms and keywords on CVs. In order to make your CV more readable to job boards and therefore increase your success rate in this area, itââ¬â¢s important to submit a CV that is not generic, but targeted to a specific industry. This means making sur e that everything on your CV ââ¬â from your personal profile to your skills, career history to education and training ââ¬â supports your expressed aspiration to gain a job in that particular field. This also means that you will be using specific vocabulary related to that field which job boards can pick up on and use to push you higher up the list as a potential suitable candidate.Whatââ¬â¢s the role of social media in finding a job?The job market has changed significantly over the last few years, and social media now plays an increasingly important role in the process of finding a job. More and more employers are now using social media to directly recruit or eliminate potential candidates, so itââ¬â¢s very important that job seekers learn how to harness social media to their advantage.The first step is by getting involved and setting up a professional profile on the main platforms, namely LinkedIn, Twitter and Facebook, or Google+ if youââ¬â¢re more advanced. This will allow you to start building a credible online brand that will be attractive to employers and recruiters, as well as open up the channels to engage directly with those who hold the decision-making powers regarding your job hunt.What trends in hiring should we be watching closely?I would reiterate the above point and say that social media and its link to job hunting is not about to go away any time soon. In fact, I believe this connection will only continue to grow as technology advances, so if youââ¬â¢re job hunting, make it your priority to jump on the social bandwagon! Alvina Woodworthhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07502565603875018215noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6098740771829843072.post-44958075151165860452020-03-01T08:02:00.001-08:002020-03-01T08:02:02.418-08:00The Blogger Spelling TestThe Blogger Spelling Test The Blogger Spelling Test The Blogger Spelling Test By Daniel Scocco Bloggers do get a misspelled word once in a while (some bloggers more often than that, but anyway). If you want to test your skills you can try the Blogger Spelling Test. There are 15 questions with common misspelled words. Most of them are quite easy, just dont run through the questions or you might end up getting one wrong like I did, for my embarassment. ðŸËâ° Via: Fiascas Corner Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Spelling category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:7 English Grammar Rules You Should KnowBroadcast vs Broadcasted as Past FormQuiet or Quite? Alvina Woodworthhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07502565603875018215noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6098740771829843072.post-83009243701181674312020-02-13T23:28:00.001-08:002020-02-13T23:28:03.253-08:00A Life-Changing Moment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 wordsA Life-Changing Moment - Essay Example It can be so huge to the extent of altering many lives and at the same time it can be so minute and unnoticeable; it can be effected over a period of time or in one single moment. In my case, change occurred in my life in one moment. The kind of life that I was used to was every childââ¬â¢s dream. I was used to the high life as my parents were well-off. My dad attended school in his youth and attained a degree in business management. Moreover, he even went farther and attained a masterââ¬â¢s in the same field. This was late in the 1980s. With this kind of credentials, my father was a force to reckon with in the business world. His businesses were successful; he had a big house and a good family; he basically had everything going for him. My mother, on the other hand, was a medic. She was a fully trained and qualified doctor and her expertise in the field enabled her to begin her own practice. Michaelââ¬â¢s was a household name in the state because of how they were flourishin g. We were 4 siblings and I was the last born in the family. Like any other last born, I was the spoiled one. Everything that I wanted, I was always given. I was the envy of my siblings as I was the perfect child. I never got in to trouble with my parents and we never engaged in any kind of feud. One day, I went about my normal routine preparing myself for school. In totality, it was a normal school day. After leaving the house, the driver routinely dropped my elder siblings to school and then went ahead to drive me to school. As I watched the outside through the window, everything was normal in the city. People were going about their businesses as usual. We all did not know the danger that awaited to befall the city in the next few moments. It could have never crossed my mind that such a catastrophe was going to happen, especially to the city. In just a fraction of time, the peace that traversed through the city was suddenly replaced by chaos and discomfort. Everyone was running fo r their lives; the traffic was chaotic. The big explosion that was succeeded by a short tremor sent rubble flying. Cars collided while others run in to the footpaths, trying to evade the rubble flying from the sky. All this was happening too fast. I was in so much shock that I couldnââ¬â¢t feel any kind of sensation. I was numb. The driver was trying to steer the car to safety, but suddenly everything went blur. For a few seconds all that ran through my mind was death; I could hear nothing but a shear piercing sound in my ears. When I came forth, I could smell fuel and smoke. I tried to tell the driver to get out of the car so we could run for safety, but it was too late: he was gone. I shook him hoping against the odds that Iââ¬â¢d bring back the life to him, but it was too late. I had to save my own life. I had hit my forehead and blood was trickling down my left eye. I was staggering my way to safety. I did not have the energy in me but knew I had to do it to save my life. I became too drowsy and fell down. In my head, I knew that that was the moment. I was exhaling my last breath and bidding good-bye to the life I so cherished. In my moment of despair, I saw medics running towards me. At that moment, my heart was at rest; I knew I was safe. The last thing I remember was staring at the ambulance and passing out. I was not sure of the time when I fainted. When I came forth, I was on bed. It was not a hospital bed. I heaved a sigh of relief because I knew that I was home. I Alvina Woodworthhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07502565603875018215noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6098740771829843072.post-76666913542923042932020-02-01T14:03:00.001-08:002020-02-01T14:03:02.070-08:00Discuss the extent to which the Youth Justice system addresses the EssayDiscuss the extent to which the Youth Justice system addresses the problem of Youth Crime - Essay Example In US, property crimes are the most frequently committed crimes (Mungatana, 2001). Violent crimes happen when an individual threatens to harm, conspire to harm or attempts to harm someone (Finkelhor and Ormrod, 2001). Violent crimes involve the threat of force and include homicide, robbery or rape. The differences between crime and deviance are (a) crime is a violation of laws pertaining the land whereas deviance is a breach of social norms, (b) agents that control crime are judiciary and police whereas agents controlling deviance are fear of God and societal pressure, (c) society lack coercive power to control deviance while crime is checked using instruments of governments, (d) crime is criminal in nature while deviance can be non criminal or criminal, (e), most behaviors that initially were crimes are currently deviant behaviors, (f) infringement of law makes deviance behavior a crime and (d) deviance is not regarded as serious as a crime. Criminological theories that explain crime and deviance include psychological, biological and sociological perspectives. Biological perspective is a key approach when conducting psychological research and focuses on the notion that behaviors have a biological basis (wise GEEK. 2013). Sociological perspective is abroad way of viewing phenomena. The sociological perspective helps in understanding the individualââ¬â¢s behavior and provides insights about the surrounding world. Psychological perspective postulates that human behavior is the result of an individualââ¬â¢s experiences and ideas. This paper is a discussion on the extent to, which the youth justice system addresses the problem of youth crime. To aid in examination of the issues, various criminological perspective theories will be used and an in-depth evaluation of the historical process of youth justice system. The paper sides with biological perspective, which states that children are born criminals. Historically, Alvina Woodworthhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07502565603875018215noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6098740771829843072.post-11971607903524947432020-01-24T10:26:00.001-08:002020-01-24T10:26:02.377-08:00Enduring Love Extract :: essays research papers In an extract from Ian McEwanââ¬â¢s ââ¬ËEnduring Loveââ¬â¢ the main character, Joe, faces many conflicts emotionally. In Joeââ¬â¢s mind, his emotions and rational thought pull him in two different directions when all he seeks is a common answer. In order to portray Joeââ¬â¢s emotional distress, ââ¬ËEnduring Loveââ¬â¢ is told through first person narration. Joe searches for logical explanations but the more he looks, the further the truth seems to be. The day after John Loganââ¬â¢s death, Joeââ¬â¢s conscious makes the whole event ââ¬Ëillumined and animatedââ¬â¢ in his mind. He begins to relive the nightmare, trying to find the right answers. His guilty conscious accuses him of ââ¬Ëkill[ing] (John Logan)ââ¬â¢. Joe cannot deal with his new-found responsibility and tries to find what he believes to be the ââ¬Ëtruthââ¬â¢. On one hand, he wants the truth to be that he was not an accomplice in a manââ¬â¢s death yet on the other hand he wants to know what actually happened and who was the cause of it. However, the truth is, he will never know. He is left with questions and he who believes entirely in science, math and the nature of knowing, canââ¬â¢t comprehend this fact. Joe analyzes the situation using his mathematical and scientific knowledge. He believes that ââ¬Ëeight hundred pounds would have kept [them] close to the groundââ¬â¢ and therefore, the ââ¬Ëfirst personââ¬â¢ to let go is at fault. He is looking for someone to blame and so places all the responsibility on this one soul. Yet he does not want to be this person, when he knows he very well could be. The thought of this being possible is excruciating and he obsessively tells himself that it was ââ¬Ënot [him]ââ¬â¢. He only wants the truth if the person turned out to be him. Joe tries manipulating mathematics to make ââ¬Ëcalculationsââ¬â¢ regarding the balloon incident and uses his analytical mind to find answers yet he never allows his feelings to consume him. Heââ¬â¢s always analyzing his own thoughts. He wants a selected truth not reality. Joeââ¬â¢s conflict is also shown through a repetition of certain words. They show his feelings transition from self- blame to searching for the culprit. While trying to ease his mind, Joe no longer uses the word ââ¬ËIââ¬â¢. He canââ¬â¢t take his own accusations and so places the blame on the group as a whole. He repetitively uses the word ââ¬Ëweââ¬â¢ when referring to what could have been done but was not. Alvina Woodworthhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07502565603875018215noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6098740771829843072.post-88128989574107369002020-01-16T06:49:00.001-08:002020-01-16T06:49:02.540-08:00Hershey’s Food Corporation: Erp FailureREAL CASE STUDY I Hershey Foods Corporation: Failure and Success with Information Technology Point of View Managerial Point of View Objective To examine the reasons behind the SAP AGââ¬â¢S R/3 ERP implementation failure at Hersheyââ¬â¢s Food Corporation Problem What could have done otherwise to avoid the SAP AGââ¬â¢S R/3 ERP implementation failure at Hersheyââ¬â¢s Food Corporation? Areas of Consideration In late 1996, Hershey Foods Corporation the leading manufacturer of chocolates, confectionaries and beverages in United States of America began modernizing hardware and software systems in the company.In an attempt to manage Y2K issues, it chose to replace those systems and shift to client/server environment, which suggest that the company had pressing needs which forced the implementation. It was to switch over to the new ERP system by April 1999 as per original plan. It chose three software vendors ââ¬â SAP, Manugistics, and Siebel for implementing different software modules. The com pany spent $112 million and 30 months on their ERP project. The project was running as per schedule till January 1999, and when it came to the final phase of the implementation, the company faltered.Time pressed, they went live in July 1999 which led the company experienced several problems pushing orders through the system, resulting in shipping delays and deliveries of incomplete orders. The retailers who ordered for Hershey's products could not get them on time, even though the company had ample supplies stocked at its warehouses. However, it was too late for Hershey to respond to this problem. As a result, Hershey's revenues dropped. Many reasons have been cited for the Hershey ERP failure. One, the project was originally scheduled to take four years, but the company forced the implementation to go live in just 30 months.Two, the company simultaneously implemented a customer-relations package and a logistics package, largely increasing the overall complexity and employee learnin g curve. Three, the company went live at their busiest time of the year, just before Halloween, and the resulting delays caused profits to fall. Though SAP was blamed for Hershey's disaster, the company's management viewed it differently. Hence, the top management of the company as well as industry analysts began looking at other reasons for the problems at Hershey.Alternative Courses of Action 1. Before opting to deploy a new ERP system, try to consider upgrading your old version of system rather than instantly launching for a new one. Before trying to replace those systems and shifting to new ones, try to know the factors affecting or contributing to success and failures that you might encounter along the implementation. Evaluate the needs first before making a decision. Also before opting to deploy a new system, try to stabilize first the phases of its implementation before going on live.Make sure that the old version of system is running standstill during the first phase of impl ementation of the new system. Lest the new system suddenly fall short, you still have the old version of system to back you up during mid-operations. 2. Never have multiple vendors within one project. ERP systems must be installed in a more staged manner, especially when applications from multiple vendors are involved. Roll out the modules in stages and donââ¬â¢t attempt to implement other applications simultaneously. 3. Choose the right time for implementation.Implementing it in a wrong time is a messed up. The company would have very well avoided this trouble if only they thought of going ahead with ERP during those occasions when the business process in the whole market experiences a slow movement. And never went to the extent of spending the whole time and efforts on implementing ERP. This will disrupt the normal functioning of the business and creates confusion in the company. Since attention was wholly diverted to ERP it was not possible to rectify the uncertainties that em erged in the business as a result of ERP. . Effective testing and scheduling. Effective testing in an ERP implementation can lessen exposure to failure risks and damages. Never opt to quicken the implementation process, where several modules are implemented simultaneously. The company must ensure that the system is fully tested and ready for implementation. If possible, plan the ERP project to go-live date during the companyââ¬â¢s slow periods. Effective scheduling is important in ERP implementations because the process is lengthy, complicated and delays can increase large costs.However, management must review closely the need for extending the timeline to ensure success of the project. TOWS Threats ERP Implementation in Hershey Foods Corporation can be a difficult, time-consuming, and expensive project for the company. The technology is tightly integrated and requires a commitment from all division. It can take years to complete and cost risks. Moreover, there is no guarantee of the outcome. If not properly planned for, the investment may drive Hershey out of business. Opportunities Hershey made efforts to stabilize SAP and other systems. Hersheyââ¬â¢s recent upgrade of its ERP system to R/3 version 4. was completed 20 percent under budget and without any of the order processing and product-shipment disruptions that marred the initial $112 million rollout in 1999. It was able to make more than 30 improvements to its core business processes within 60 days of going live.The company cited enhancements such as the automation of pick-list processing and materials management invoice verification, plus credit processing for distributors to military customers. These improvements have helped reduce costs and speed up processing times. It has also ââ¬Å"achieved a near-zero-defect production environmentâ⬠with R/3 4. and is using SAPââ¬â¢S business analysis tools to measure the impact of sales and marketing programs as they happen. Weakness Hershey would nââ¬â¢t specify whether the problems stemmed from its configuration of the system or the software itself. The top management of the company as well as industry analysts began looking at the reasons for the problems at Hershey. Though SAP was blamed for Hershey's disaster, the company's management viewed it differently: Hershey decided to take shortcuts since the project was originally scheduled to take four years, but the company forced the implementation to go live in just 30 months.Thus, Hersheyââ¬â¢s experiences illustrate the fact that most troubled ERP rollouts are caused by project management issues, not faulty software. Strengths By experiencing this kind of failures Hershey Foods Corporationââ¬â¢s IT Staff was able to exceed its delivery commitments for the project because of strong program management and executive leadership, diligent planning and an extensive testing and training plan. This time the implementation underwent extensive testing. Hershey made sure to take the time and resources to thoroughly test the computer systems.Conclusion Consider alternative course of action no. 1 Failures in major business/IT projects continue to occur to large companies like Hershey Foods Corporation with so much IT expertise and financial resources. These mistakes cost the price in the long run. Hershey has learned valuable lessons from their SAP implementation and these lessons are to move slower and be more methodical. The lessons learnt can as well serve as indication for failure or bankruptcy by driving you out of the business path.Hersheyââ¬â¢s failure should caution any company that chooses to implement such broad application and make sure that system will function smoothly before entering peak sales period. There is one final aspect to be considered in any degree of project failure. All success is rooted in either luck or failure. If you begin with luck, you learn nothing but arrogance. However, if you begin with failure and learn to evaluate it, you also learn to succeed. Failure begets knowledge. Out of knowledge you gain wisdom, and it is with wisdom that you can become truly successful.Recommendation Before committing to a specific ERP software package, companies like Hershey Foods Corporation need to take the time to evaluate their ERP needs. They need to define in advance: 1. How they want to run their business? 2. What problems need to be resolved? 3. What are their priorities? 4. What are the current processes ââ¬â what works and what doesnââ¬â¢t in the implementation plan? 5. What software will best resolve their problems, meet their goals and priorities? Alvina Woodworthhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07502565603875018215noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6098740771829843072.post-36444658740388885402020-01-08T03:11:00.001-08:002020-01-08T03:11:02.966-08:00A Theoretical Perspective On Race Relations Essay Joe R. Feagin and Clairece Booher Feagin use their piece ââ¬Å"Theoretical Perspectives in Race Relationsâ⬠to talk about the common misconception of the assimilation of ethnic minorities to the core white culture. As I gradually worked through the reading, I realized that the process of assimilation was much more rigid and tedious for some rather than others as time went on. Feagin and Feagin pointed towards how European immigrant groups were able to assimilate with ease into White American culture. Non-European immigrants such as African-Americans and Latinos were subject to discrimination within a rigid class system that the US economy benefitted off of cheap labor and poor housing markets. Through the use of historical examples, the allocation of class, and race in American society, I was able to realize how intricate of a problem ethnic minorities face to achieve equality. The idea that if blacks and latinos simply started to take after white people, then the wealth, educa tion, and success would soon follow soon diminished, as I realized much of the European immigrant groups have made huge progress over decades, while non-European immigrant groups havenââ¬â¢t made the progress in quality of life. Making the conversation of equality in America not simply about race, or income, or legacy, but rather a culmination of factors that feed into a groupââ¬â¢s ascension in society. 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It is posted here with permission of Jean Belkhir, Editor Introduction A taken for granted feature of most social science publications today, especially those about inequality, is the ritual critique of Marx and Marxism in the process of introducing theoretical alternatives intended to remedy its alleged failures Alvina Woodworthhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07502565603875018215noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6098740771829843072.post-6109358891293088092019-12-30T23:36:00.001-08:002019-12-30T23:36:02.893-08:00Management Accounting And Practices Of Small And Medium... 2.1 Introduction This chapter begins by looking at the literature that will give considerable information about Management Accounting and the practices of Small and medium Enterprises, bringing out the interdependence and interrelation of one to the other. 2.2 Overview of Management Accounting Management accounting was first known as cost accounting. This origin was reflected in the earlier title for practitioners of cost or works accountants (Wilson and Chua, 1988). Accounting historians have long endorsed the view that cost accounting is a product of the industrial revolution (Johnson, 1981). For example (Wilson and Chua, 1993) claimed that cost accounting was practiced by the mechanized, multi process, cotton textile factories that appeared in England and United States around 1800. This point of view was consistent with Garner (1947) who pointed out that cost accounting had emerged only after eighteenth century as a result of the rise of the factory system in the industrial revolution. The traditional view contends that cost accounting arose due to the increased use of fixed capital prompted accountants during the industrial revolution to graft cost accounting onto the double-entry system (Johnson, 1981). Garner (1947) argued that the practices and theories of cost acco unting origins can be traced to the fourteenth century. 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However, from a government perspective, they are considered to be firms having the following traits: personal ownership and management, having few specialist managerial employees Alvina Woodworthhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07502565603875018215noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6098740771829843072.post-48560071224029199722019-12-22T19:21:00.001-08:002019-12-22T19:21:03.807-08:00An Exploratory Middle Ground Position Between Atheism And... David Eagleman, during an interview with National Public Radio in February of 2009, coined the term ââ¬Å"Possibilianismâ⬠. An exploratory middle ground position between atheism and theism. In this essay I argue that possibilianism as a new standpoint in the debate on the existence of God is irrelevant, as it holds the same ideological stance as agnosticism. In an article written by Eagleman titled ââ¬Å"Beyond God and atheism: Why I am a possibilianâ⬠he says that ââ¬Å"we know too little to commit to strict atheism, and too much to commit to any religionâ⬠(Eagleman, 2), this is the driving force behind his possibilianists standpoint. From my understanding, possibilianism is a philosophy that rejects the certainties held by both atheists who would argue in the complete non-existence of God and similarly theists who would vouch for His definite existence. In this situation we take God to refer to the monotheistic and orthodox depiction, as seen in the Christian, Judaism and Islamic faiths. Possibilianists are open to the ideas that we currently have no way of testing the existence of God, however we should hold off a definite judgement until further evidence can be provided through scientific research and exploration. Possibilianists emphasize the active exploration of new, unconsidered notions whereby anything goes at first (Eagleman, 3), but science is then added into the equation to rule out the impossible, and often to provide insights into new parts and possibilities. The overall Alvina Woodworthhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07502565603875018215noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6098740771829843072.post-56112829978328525832019-12-14T15:51:00.001-08:002019-12-14T15:51:03.248-08:00Once More Free Essays Read over something youââ¬â¢ve written with an eye for the devices youââ¬â¢ve used to connect the parts. Underline all the transitions, pointing terms, key terms, and repetition. Do you see any patterns? Do you rely on certain devices more than others? Are there any passages that are hard to follow-and if so, can you make them easier to ready by adding appropriate transitions or trying any of the other devices discussed In this chapter. We will write a custom essay sample on Once More or any similar topic only for you Order Now Try revising your text to Include different ones. Pointing words help orient your reader and establish continuity wealth your writing. KEY POINTS use pointing words to help orient your readers. Plotting words point forward or backward to other sentences. Plotting words help to give your paragraphs continuity. Key terms a key term is a word that will be important on whatever subject you need to know, that involves a key term. Youââ¬â¢ll usually have to define a key term like in social studies a key term would be: Ideology so you would define it as: a set of beliefs and values. Key terms are Vocabulary that someone should know in order to understand the topic. Petition The writer is usually trying to express an emotion or a phrase. Just like in Robert Frostââ¬â¢s poem ââ¬Å"Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Eveningâ⬠he repeats the last line ââ¬Å"and miles to go before I sleep, and miles to go before I sleepâ⬠to stress the extent of his journey and his exhaustion. In ââ¬Å"the charge of the light brigadeâ⬠repetition was most likely used to honor the men who died. By repeatedly stressing the numbe r of men who fought and died for what they believe in they stress that they will not be easily forgotten. How to cite Once More, Papers Alvina Woodworthhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07502565603875018215noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6098740771829843072.post-7991501158763744232019-12-06T12:14:00.001-08:002019-12-06T12:14:03.623-08:00A Research Paper On The Construction Work - Myassignmenthelp.Com Question: Discuss about the A Research Paper On The Construction Work. Answer: INTRODUCTION This research paper evaluates the construction of a two-storey building by outlining the process of approval and the required certificates from applications for construction approval to the construction's occupation. The numerous categories of construction approvals which are being applied in the state in question such as local, integrated, complying, and exempt are also to be discussed by nominating clearly the category in which the development would be under. The dissimilarity between the options of privately certified versus local government approvals of the state in question. The various defects shown in the photos are also to be identified as well as the impacts they have on the operation of the buildings. There is also a need to produce a schedule for construction in the format of critical path analysis and a Gantt chart. The initial planning will include the start and end dates, duration of every task, list of tasks. The standards that have been considered for the approval process and certification is Australia(James, 2014). Approval Process and Certificates Required The process of construction in Australia requires a developer to put into considerations the numerous requirements that require being fulfilled before the process of building can be undertaken. Every developer needs to diligently carry out issues that are likely to be confronted in the construction process. The different types of building approvals which are applied in Australia include: Exempt Approval: In this type of approval, there is low impact on the local government and may not require approval from Council if it attains certain standards under state environmental planning policy and state environment planning policy(Mant, 2015). Complying Approval: This is a fast-track process of approval for proposals of developments that are straightforward like new home or renovations of homes. The standards can be determined by a private or Council certifier without the need for a complete application development. Local Approval: In this type of approval, all the development requiring the Councils consent are specified under the Port Stephen Local Environment Plan of 2013. This means that in any construction, the local approval requires consent before the work is undertaken and should be lodged with the Council(Teshom, 2012). Integrated Approval: This type of approval is an approval that involves constructions situated on land identified as prone to bushfire or constructions within the roads belonging to the public. There is a requirement of an administration fee for both the maritime and roads services. In case of this development, the type of approval that this construction would fall under is local approval which can be categorized into two major sections. The certification and inspection of the project is an important phase which is required by the law that will ensure that the building is in accordance with the council regulation, Building Code of Australia, relevant Australian Standards, specifications, and approved plans, to make sure that the structural amenity, safety, health, and integrity is met (Teshom, 2012). Regulations, Local Government Approvals The initial step that is necessary for the developer to give them with registration certificates from the professionals who are registered that are charged with the supervision of building project construction. The certificates of registration include certificates from the structural and architect-engineer who are normally charged with ensuring stability and enforcing quality control of the structure during its construction. The professionals also fill a declaration of indemnity which indemnifies the authorities on any claims in the event of mishap or construction fault hence taking complete responsibility of ensuring that the construction is according to the relevant design standards and building codes(Teshom, 2012). Other documentation that requires being furnished to the authorities for approval of building processing include: Full application for approval for building permit Recent annual rates receipts The property ownership documents The major regions that the authorities charge for entails infrastructure development, site signage fees, fees for the occupational certificate, and fees for site inspection(Vandoros, 2014). Private Certified Approval For Private Certified Approval, there first step is to send the copy of details of the contact and the plans of Council plans together with supporting consent conditions to Private Certifiers Australia. The information can be sent through email of through phone call. The Private Certifiers Australia will then review the approved plans of the Council, supporting information, and consent conditions. The Private Certifiers Australia will then prepare an agreement of Consultancy to perform the roles on Principal Certifying Authority Role and the issue of a construction Certificate. The services engagement shall be through acknowledgement of the consultancy agreement and work scope as outlined. The engagement and acknowledgement are is situated on the final page of the consultancy fee submission. The Private Certifiers Australia will then issue a Construction Certificate form. Ounce Private Certifiers Australia has been reviewed, received, and verified the information submitted as conforming to the consents conditions, the Building Code of Australia and any other necessities as stipulated by the Private Certifiers Australia. The certificate of construction will then be issued to the applicant in strict accordance with the Environmental Assessment and Planning Act 1979. After the Construction Certificate has been issued to the applicant, the applicants will be required to inform the applicable the Environment Assessment and Planning Act 1979. Council of the Commencement of Building Works onsite. The certificate issued can be subjected to an alternate regulatory building approval framework under the Environmental Assessments and Planning Act 1979. Defects in the Proposed Development and how they can be impacted upon The foundation defect below is known as brick footing backfill damage. The defect is as a result of earth pressure, frost, and water. In the masonry block construction, wall or foundation cracks happen more frequently in the joints of the motor, however, may also happen through and across the blocks themselves. The defect above can be prevented by not exceeding the pressure limits of the building which may cause the footing to crack. Floods passing below the footing level can also cause this defect since the running water will weaken the footing by washing away the components that strengthen the wall. This defect can be prevented by making the footing to be strong enough to withstand pressure and water from outside(Vandoros, 2014). The construction defect shown in the figure below is known as vertical cracking. The vertical cracking occurs due to shrinkage and expansion of concrete blocks. The cracks in the construction walls tend to be more serious on the walls of the centre from the external pressure and loading. The defect of the wall takes place during settlement of foundation. Weak foundation is normally caused by wrong ration of mixture of the concrete, water, and sand(Vandoros, 2014). The defect below is known as Diagonal Cracks and occurs in footing as well as the block wall. The diagonal crack can appear in numerous structural components and materials and it indicates the actual differential settlement or vertical movement in the structure. The defect is caused by a sinkhole near or under the footing and also occasionally frost heaves(Silva, 2013). List of Tasks for Project 1 Task Duration (Days) Start General Requirement 4 01/01/2018 Site Preparation 2 Concrete Construction 3 Brick and Block Construction 6 Installation 3 Roofing 4 Cladding 2 Doors and Windows 2 Block and Tile Finishes 3 Painting 4 Timber Fixtures 3 Electrical and Mechanical installation 3 Fences and External Walls 4 Landscaping 2 02/12/2017 Critical Path Analysis After laying out the list of tasks, the correct activities sequence and network diagram would look like the figure below before the calculation of the earliest start time and latest finish time for every activity(Vandoros, 2014). The next step is to determine the earliest start time for every activity in the list of tasks above. The remaining earliest start time may be added to the diagram of the network as shown below: The latest finish time portrays the latest time an activity must be finished by evading delay to the project(James, 2014). The latest finish time is determined by observing the right to left on the network diagram as shown below: Gantt chart The Gantt chart which will be utilized by the research team during the period research is as shown in the figure below: Conclusion This research paper is about construction work and plan building. The approval process and certificates required for the construction of the building in question have been discussed according to the regulations of Australia. The different types of building approvals namely local, integrated, complying, exempt, and NSW have been discussed in this paper. The two major areas of involvement in approvals while constructing the building below in Australia is through seeking approvals from the National Construction Code and from the municipal councils. A municipal council is an option of local government in Australia while National Construction Code is a privately certified approval. The various types of defects that can occur in the walls and foundation of a building include vertical failure, horizontal failure, and block foundation backfill damage. Bibliography James, K., 2014. Critical-Path Planning and Scheduling. Melbourne: Proceedings of the Eastern Joint Computer Conference. Mant, J., 2015. Observations on NSW Land Use Planning and Regulations. Sidney: IEEE. Silva, V., 2013. Defects of No-Loadbearing Masonry Walls Due to Partial Basal Supports. Moscow: Journal of Construction and Building Materials. Thom, T., 2012. Durability Problems of 20th Century Reinforced Concrete Heritage Structures and Their Restorations. Michigan: Technical University of Catalonia. Vandoros, K., 2014. Concrete jacket construction detail effectiveness when strengthening RC columns, Construction and Building Materials. Perth: Gale Art and Engineering Lite Package. Alvina Woodworthhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07502565603875018215noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6098740771829843072.post-58950322870903373542019-11-29T02:47:00.001-08:002019-11-29T02:47:05.399-08:00Ethics The Limits of Philosophy by Bernard Williams free essay sample Analyzes authors ideas on radical difference between moral certainty scientific knowledge. The purpose of this research is to examine Bernard Williamss statement that there would be a radical difference between ethics and science even if ethics were objective in the only way in which it intelligibly could be (155). The plan of the research will be to set forth the context in which Williams makes this statement, and then to discuss the distinctions he makes between the subjectivity of moral philosophy enterprise and the objective methodology of the hard sciences. The closest Williams comes to acknowledging the scientific potential of human reason is his assertion of thick concepts, which he says express a union of fact and value (129). The density of such concepts appears to derive from the extremity of emotion and action that is implicit in them. Thus brutality and courage are on the list but not such less vigorous description of value Alvina Woodworthhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07502565603875018215noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6098740771829843072.post-22513625659491655192019-11-25T10:21:00.001-08:002019-11-25T10:21:05.737-08:00Free Essays on Construction ManagementConstruction Management Construction management is a very involving and important career. The definition of this career area is basically the management of construction. This may consist of management of the actual site or the politics behind the raw building. This definition, while imprecise and broad, is in essence the heart of the field. It can be more precisely defined through the specifics of the job. Employers around the world are constantly looking for employees with the broad skills and experience to oversee jobsites and all of the mechanics and aspects of construction. Every construction job requires an overseer, someone who has attained the knowledge and skill to maintain an efficient and quality job. Construction management is a broad career choice that is a very important component in the success of a jobsite. Whether it be a corporate building or a home remodel job, a construction manager is just that, the manager of every stage from start to finish. The job of the Manager is to control and extinguish emergencies, such as delays and bad weather, boost employee morale, and schedule and coordinate the design and construction processes. Managers oversee and take part in managing people, supplies, materials, budgets, schedules and contracts of the various people involved. For very large buildings, construction managers are divided into segments. Managers will be split up to oversee and coordinate a specific area of the construction like site preparation, from the excavation to the surveying. Construction managers also take care of the details of the project before there is any ground breaking. Managers evaluate different methods of building and materials to determine the mos t cost affective budget for construction. At the same time managers calculate the most efficient way of building to yield the quickest schedule. Computer software is often times used to estimate and calculate this. Construction managers ... Free Essays on Construction Management Free Essays on Construction Management Construction Management Construction management is a very involving and important career. The definition of this career area is basically the management of construction. This may consist of management of the actual site or the politics behind the raw building. This definition, while imprecise and broad, is in essence the heart of the field. It can be more precisely defined through the specifics of the job. Employers around the world are constantly looking for employees with the broad skills and experience to oversee jobsites and all of the mechanics and aspects of construction. Every construction job requires an overseer, someone who has attained the knowledge and skill to maintain an efficient and quality job. Construction management is a broad career choice that is a very important component in the success of a jobsite. Whether it be a corporate building or a home remodel job, a construction manager is just that, the manager of every stage from start to finish. The job of the Manager is to control and extinguish emergencies, such as delays and bad weather, boost employee morale, and schedule and coordinate the design and construction processes. Managers oversee and take part in managing people, supplies, materials, budgets, schedules and contracts of the various people involved. For very large buildings, construction managers are divided into segments. Managers will be split up to oversee and coordinate a specific area of the construction like site preparation, from the excavation to the surveying. Construction managers also take care of the details of the project before there is any ground breaking. Managers evaluate different methods of building and materials to determine the mos t cost affective budget for construction. At the same time managers calculate the most efficient way of building to yield the quickest schedule. Computer software is often times used to estimate and calculate this. Construction managers ... Alvina Woodworthhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07502565603875018215noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6098740771829843072.post-65618251659361301352019-11-21T17:45:00.001-08:002019-11-21T17:45:03.877-08:00Discuss how communication within an inter-professional team could EssayDiscuss how communication within an inter-professional team could affect collaborative working strategies - Essay Example Sometimes, patients cannot communicate verbally due to sickness and have to resort to nonverbal communication to interact with staff. Healthcare professionals must have the necessary listening and verbal and nonverbal communication skills (Beebe and Mottet, 2013:32). Consequently, effective clinical practice requires many cases where vital information must be relayed verbally and nonverbally and listening skills must be honed and applied. Team collaboration and inter-professional communication are essential. When healthcare practitioners are not using verbal and nonverbal communication effectively, as well as listening closely to patient needs, the lives of patients may be at risk (Markel, 2013:21). Lack of vital information and misinterpretation of information, poor listening skills, ignored changes in status and body language, and unclear orders using communication tools like mobile phones can endanger the lives of patients and put healthcare professionals in major dilemmas (Markel, 2013:25). Poor verbal and nonverbal communication, as well as poor listening skills, creates scenarios where medical mistakes can occur. These mistakes have the potential to result in serious injuries or sudden patient deaths. In the UK, mental health mistakes, especially those caused by poor communication and listening, are a major challenge in current organisations (Happell, Platania-Phung, Scott, & Nankivell, 2014:37). According to research conducted by the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organisations, mental health mistakes would rank 5th in the list of top ten causes of patient deaths in America if they were included in the annual official statistics. This is ahead of serious illnesses like Alzheimerââ¬â¢s, gunshots, AIDS, diabetes, breast cancer, and accidents (Waldeck and Kearney, 2013:34). The study also revealed that over 50,000 people die in America every year because of medical mistakes. In the UK, up to 33,000 patients die annually Alvina Woodworthhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07502565603875018215noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6098740771829843072.post-79455766688367682032019-11-20T16:00:00.001-08:002019-11-20T16:00:07.059-08:00Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 4Research Paper Example This decision of making the truth known to the public is based on the ethical principle of transparency, which is an important part of communication ââ¬Å"...based on the notion of an honest exchangeâ⬠(Plaisance 44). It was mentioned in the commentary that despite Wilsonââ¬â¢s transparency and honesty in verifying that Niger was not actually capable of exporting uranium ores due to stringent measures in the whole process, the Bush Administration decided to keep the public blind to this truth, and even dismissed Wilsonââ¬â¢s report. This lack of transparency in reporting about the status of the uranium imports of Iraq from Africa abused the trusting nature of the public and kept them away from the issues that Wilson actually experienced first-hand, and this prompted him to air out his concerns regarding the misconception of most people with the real issues in Iraq and Saddam Hussein. The act of transparency is also rooted in the belief that people have a right to know abo ut the truth, and that the distortions of information could cause not just misinformation in the audience but also unprecedented troubles such as panic and disorder (Plaisance 47). Wilson chose not to keep quiet about how the information he knows got dismissed for the sake of the public, and he wrote it out in his commentary under the ethical principle of transparency. Question 2: Place yourself in Wilsonââ¬â¢s position. What kinds of decisions/choices would you make if you were in the same situation? Would you have written the piece? Which philosopher and/or ethical philosophy help guide your decisions? The act of being transparent in communication is not just involved with some issues like whether or not there are hidden motives for transparency, but also the trust of the people involved in these communications is also at stake. Wilson banked on this ethical guideline in giving the public true information in creating his commentary on how his report regarding the true status of the Iraq-Niger uranium connection was silenced by the administration, which consequently perpetuated the fears within people about the potential danger that Iraq poses. His defiance of the information dispersed by the government was shown in his commentary, and while it might have cost him his life, it was worth knowing that at least somehow he did not simply stand and keep his silence. If I was in the same position as Wilson was, I would have done the same and have written a similar piece, maybe add additional and credible information for the reading public. Since this is important information that the public has a right to know but the government keeps from them, I feel that as a public servant I have a duty to the people of delivering them the truth. I would also do the same thing that Wilson did, by writing his own account of what really happened, and letting the people decide on the authenticity of my work. If I put myself in Wilsonââ¬â¢s place on writing the commentary abo ut the reality of Niger not really having the ability to bring uranium ore illegally to Iraq, I would have chosen to be transparent with what I know, not just to regain the publicââ¬â¢s trust on some members of the government, but also to assure them that not all threats are real, and that Alvina Woodworthhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07502565603875018215noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6098740771829843072.post-54178378638860160432019-11-18T14:20:00.001-08:002019-11-18T14:20:03.762-08:00Globalisation , the World Economy and MNE's mini essay - 4Globalisation , the World Economy and MNE's mini - Essay Example This paper therefore seeks to explore the emerging global markets, the advantages and disadvantages that accrue from venturing into such markets based on a case study of Research in Motion (RIM). The paper further endeavours to ascertain the extent to which RIM has been successful in penetrating this market. Basically emerging markets are developing countries that are experiencing a fast growth rate that are shifting from centrally planned economies to more liberalized economies. There are several advantages that accrue from emerging markets that make it attractive for investment purposes. The main advantage of these markets is target markets. For example in India, there is a large pool of skilled workers that are readily available and at a relatively affordable price (Hansen 2010). On the same note, its counterpart has equally a large pool of highly skilled and technical staff whose rates are affordable. In relation To The case study, RIM through it research and development unveiled a strategy to choose R&D sites that were backed by mature skills and strong technological institutions. For example, RIM curved out a niche as a centre for innovation with doubling number of patents every two years and the R&D ratio to GDP doubling in the previous decade. The two emerging markets have an advantage as manufacturing bases. There is readily available skilled labor at reasonable wages for manufacturing and assembly operation. Due to the cheaper production costs, was able to attract a sharp increase in the foreign direct investments between 1994 and 2007 with a steep increase in 2006. The same case is applicable to India. Under such circumstances, RIMââ¬â¢s strategy of investing in these emerging markets is valid and helps in reducing production cost whilst making the company stay competitive. Another critical advantage is the outsourcing of expatriates (Dolfsma, Duysters, & Costa 2009). RIMââ¬â¢s Alvina Woodworthhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07502565603875018215noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6098740771829843072.post-24740719714044431022019-11-16T02:52:00.001-08:002019-11-16T02:52:04.637-08:00Post Op Protection Helmet Project Health And Social Care EssayPost Op Protection Helmet Project Health And Social Care Essay Introduction Most of the patients who had undergone any major head surgery will require an effective protection of their wound. After surgery, some patients especially post-traumatic injury have a high risk of falling due to neurological impairments, weakness, post-op seizures and agitation or confusion and re-injure their head. This is more important if part of the patients skull is removed (craniectomy). Appropriate protective headwear during the acute period post-op can be worn and reduce the chance of injury. While effective protection for the head and face is a priority for these individuals, headwear should also provide unobstructed vision and adequate ventilation, lightweight, cosmetically acceptable and reasonably priced. Providing effective headwear is a problem for many orthotists and the rehabilitation team taking care of individuals who have a high risk of head injury following a fall. Parents, caregivers and clinicians usually opt to use commercial sports helmets or other types of ad justable off-the-shelf headwear. Although commercial helmets are adaptable and relatively inexpensive, a number of features make them generally unsuitable for the disabled population post-operation. The main idea for this protection helmet is to provide a comfortable wear for the patient and reduce risk of injuring the head and wound during inpatient period. In other way, the design should be able to minimize the impact to the head if a fall or knock occurs. Chapter 2: LITERITURE RIVIEW Human brain can withstand 300 to 400 G of impact without either concussion or skull fracture, provided that there is no local deformation of the skull to inflict direct injury. Patients sometimes ha head surgery that needed to remove some part of their skull. This will make impact that brain can withstand lower than original. Thus, the helmet protection for post operative will be needed. 2.1 Review Journal According to Understanding Head Neck Trauma by Tony Pan Sanfelipo, the impact that head can withstand is vary from the location that the forces is being exerted. The frontal bone (forehead) can withstand on average, 1,000 to 1,600 pounds of force. The temporo-parietal (sides of head) bones can tolerate around 700 to 1,900 pounds of force. The back of the skull can handle around 1,440 pounds of force. The bones of the face and cheek are less tolerant, standing forces of only 280 to 520 pounds. From this, we can see that the impact that head can withstand is differ from the impact that brain can withstand. Skull is a very strong bone in our skeletal system. But, caution step also needed to be done especially after the head operation. According to the Journal of Prosthetic and Orthotic entitled The Use of Postoperative Cranial Orthoses in the Management of Craniosynostosis by William J. Barringer, head helmet or cranial orthoses was being widely used in child rehabilitation after having a head surgery of the problem craniosynostosis that is a condition for cranial deformity that can be directly related to the premature closure of cranial sutures. According to the writer, the cause of the problem is still unknown. While in the other Journal of Prosthetic and Orthotic entitled An Overview of Positional Plagiocephaly and Cranial Remolding Orthoses by Deanna Fish and Dulcey Lima, said that plagiocephaly is a condition of abnormalities of baby head due to pre-natal and post-natal forces exerted to the head of the baby makes the baby head look weird. The causes of these problem are varied like the head could be shape like that before birth (that is still in the womb), the position of the baby during sleep that make some deformation force, the premature birth of the baby and maybe the supine position of the baby during daytime also can cause this problem. Both of these problems involve head remodification. For plagioencephaly, the method to remodel back the head is by using a head helmet or cranial remolding orthoses. It was being called Cranial remolding techniques. This technique was being applied by cover all the areas that need to be curb by a material and allows space in areas where growth is to be encouraged to promote the desired head shape. The material being used to cover the head is often built like head helmet but not as thick as the normal helmet. The example of the material is polypropylene. While craniosynostotis involved head surgery to shape back their head. Often also used as a treatment after the surgery is the head orthoses. According to William J. Barringer, the patient that used the orthoses after the surgery more likely to have the shape of the head almost regained normal. According to the author, based on the survey that he had made, he concluded that many advantages that the patient can get by putting on these ortoses after head surgey for craniosnostotis patients like it appears that orthoses can be used to extend the correction gained in surgery or to protect against regression to the presurgical deformit. It is also apparent that age, severity of deformity, type of deformity, surgical procedure, physician preference, and bone healing play important roles in determining the overall outcome and decision-making. According to the author also, there are many ways, material and shape of the head orthoses can be made. An example is a head orthoses that using bends materials that attach the part together. While the authors for the An Overview of Positional Plagiocephaly and Cranial Remolding Orthoses article said that many different orthotic designs have been developed during the last 20 years to effectively address this patient population. Whether the design is active or passive in nature, rigid or flexible, hinged or circumferential, the basic principle of all cranial remolding orthoses is to create a pathway for symmetrical growth to occur. The authors also quoted that there are several ways to make the cranial orthoses. A cast or three-dimensional image of the infants head is acquired. The model is modified to full or partial symmetry, depending upon the severity of the condition, design of the orthoses, and protocols of the treating orthotist. Mild and moderate asymmetries may be modified to full symmetry while severe deformations may require progressive adjustments to the inner surface of the orthoses to obtain full symmetry throughout the course of the treatment program. Orthot ic designs including chinstraps are likely to be less intimate at the initial fitting, allowing for normal growth to follow the internal contours of the orthoses. To date, there is no evidence that any one orthotic design provides better outcomes than another. Symmetrical growth is achieved by consistent evaluation and adjustments to the orthoses based upon the childs head shape and growth patterns. Translational movements of the cranial bones are to be expected and frequent evaluation will ensure total contact over prominent areas and provide areas of relief over depressed areas. Circumferential growth is accommodated by the removal or recontouring of material and additional material may be strategically added to provide total contact and to stabilize the orthoses on the infants head. It is extremely important for the orthoses to be thoroughly cleaned each day to prevent bacterial build-up and problems with scalp rashes. Air holes are commonly added to help dissipate heat as well a s to assist in the evaluation of the fit of the cranium to the inner surface of the orthoses. Due to its functional as regain head shape, the cranial orthoses model had to be some sort of medical device that should not affect the patient in bad ways. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has certain aspect that cranial remodeling orthoses and other medical device manufacturer had to pass before patients can used their model in United State of America. To obtain clearance, manufacturers are required to explain the design of the product(s), how they are intended to work, and how they are manufactured. They are also required to describe the treatment protocols, provide appropriate labeling, and market the devices for only approved uses. All manufacturers must undergo regular FDA audits of their facilities and must comply with the Medical Device Reporting requirements to report any device failure that could lead to serious injury or death. This is being taken from Journal of Prosthetic and Orthotic entitled FDA Regulation of Cranial Remodeling Devices by Timothy R. Littlefi eld. 2.2 Disadvantages of The Older Design While cranial remolding orthoses is for children, others research had been done to make cranial orthoses for needed patient after head surgery whether the patients is children or adults. The design should be lightweight, effective and protect the head better. According to Journal of Prosthetic and Orthotic entitled Development of a Modular Design, Custom-Fitted Protective Helmet by Steve Ryan,Greg Belbin, Mendal Slack, Stephen Naumann and Rod Moran, stated that the new design by them trough this project should be assign because there are many disadvantages of the already have design like: Commercial helmets protect the cranium but leave the facial area, particularly the chin and oral structure, vulnerable. Commercial face shields could provide the extra protection, but they may impede vision and add to a caged in feeling. In addition, because of a face shields remote placement, it could contribute to neck injury if caught on a stationary object during a fall. Usually commercial helmets are designed with ventilation slots and liner cooling paths, which are conduits for forced air movement through the helmet. Cooling occurs as the wearer moves. This form of ventilation is inefficient for the disabled population since, for the most part, they move at or below normal walking speed. Suspension in commercial headwear is provided primarily by a chin cup attached to the helmet by straps, which are tightened to prevent helmet movement. Constant pressure applied to the chin could lead to orthodontic problems, particularly in the growing child. Because of these, they proposed new design for the cranial orthoses. Their design is mainly focused of three parts of the head that are anterior section, posterior section and chin protector. Each part are fabricated from polyethylene foam with the exterior is hard polyethylene while the anterior is low-density polyethylene foam. They fabricate the orthoses and made a survey of it. The result from the survey is the research helmet was found to be an orthotic device that could be readily dispensed in a clinical setting in one appointment. On average, it required two hours to measure, evaluate and fit a subject. The project orthotists felt that, with experience, the helmet could be fitted in less than two hours except in cases where special modifications were required. The orthotists remarked on the ease with which they could dispense the helmet using the specially designed jigs and fixtures provided. No major technical problems or mechanical failures were identified during the helmets post-trial evaluation. This is being sited on their article. 2.3 Summary Last but not least, we proposed the title of our clinical project Post-OP Protection Helmet to help patients head after surgery minimize the risk of reinjuring their head due to possible fall during acute period. Several factors like Post-traumatic, seizure, confusion, agitation and imbalance can lead to knocking their head accidently at the skull defect site. With this device, patient can protect their head especially. For our design, we applied the basic concepts of engineering like the concepts of energy absorption and load distribution and also biomechanics application. Chapter 3: Methodology 3.1 Technique used There are two ways of technique we performed our task. Firstly, we used AutoCAD Engineering software to design the shape of the helmet. We used this software because it can perform the shape clearly and make the 3D dimension. We have to consider the convenience and the cosmetically acceptable criteria during the design process. Next, we do the research on the materials for protection helmet which will be manufacture. We had referred to the journals and related reference books. The material must satisfy the ASTM standard, such as tensile strength, abrasive resistance, young modulus and others. In addition, the material should easily fabricate and lower cost. The method we use to build the outer shell is plastic injection molding, this method is use the plastic from pellets or granules and heat it until melt. Then we push the melt into a split-die mold where can cool it at the shape design. Finally we open the mold and take out the part, the cycle is repeating. The wall thickness is a important key to use under this method, because the thick wall will take more time to cool and it will have greater the shrinking , but if the wall is thin so it will cool faster, the less shrinking. And we will use a drilling machine to make some hole to let the air can float out from the protective helmet. For the data collection, we compare mechanical properties, physical properties, thermal properties and chemical resistance between several polymers. From the comparing, we had chosen the polycarbonate as the outer surface of the POST-OP Protection Helmet because they are easily worked, moulded, thermoformed and good in mechanical properties. However, for the inner padding, we choose EVA (Ethylene vinyl acetate) because light weight, easy to mould, odorless, glossy finish, and cheaper compared to natural rubber. It is good for deceleration impact energy. 3.2 Properties of the Material Properties of the outer shell Density 0.0397-0.0484 lb/in3 Water Absorption 0.05-0.7 % Hardness, Rockwell R 108-122 Tensile Strength, Ultimate 5800-12500 psi Charpy Impact 20.5-37.6 ft-lb/in2 Oxygen Index 21-34% Processing Temperature 473-585à °F Table 3.1 Properties of the inner padding Specific Density 0.93 TENSILE STRENGTH (psi) 2000 COMPRESSION STRENGTH (psi) 1450 IMPACT (IZOD ft. lbs/in) NB HARDNESS R40 Table 3.2 Figure 3.1 Plastic injection molding machine The material we choose to use for the outer shell is Polycarbonate Resin Thermoplastic 3414(40%GF). The properties of the material below this table: Youngs modulus, psi Shear modulus, psi Mass density,lb/in3 Thermal exp coef, 1in/in/F Ultimate tensile,psi 1400000 319000 0.05495 9.30E-06 27000 Ultimate compressive, psi Ultimate shear,psi Thermal conductivity, Btuin/hrft2F Specific heat,Btu/lb/F 21000 11000 1.53 0.25 Table 3.3 This material has good conductivity compare to other material like Polycarbonate Resin Thermoplastic 3413 (30%GF). So we choose this material. 3.3 The Design of the Protection Helmet Figure 3.2: Top view sutures Figure 3.3: Side view sutures From the picture above, that was several type of wound, the design of the protective helmet should not contact with the wound part and provide ventilation for air circulation to faster the wound healing. The special of our design is the professionals working with patients needing head coverage after surgery can place positioning pads around the inside of the clear shell. In an area of recent surgery example, pads would be place around a wound or surgical site to keep helmet shell elevated and away from the affected area. Clear polycarbonate shell, edged with soft foam is then lined with self adhesive foam pads in various thicknesses, and ventilation holes are added. Suggestions for placement of the pads are included with the helmet. The helmet is made from thermoplastics polymer material that lightweight, lower cost, and has many high mechanical properties. The benefit of the transparent outer shell design is allows better supervision of the underlying wound and skull defect. The mat erial is crucial factor to this helmet because patient with head surgery need something that can feel very comfortable to their head. Material with least dense with be an awesome choice for them. The helmet also needs to have good mechanical properties to increase wear resistance. The helmet should be not has low strength and low hardness. The needed for these higher mechanical properties is to give protection of the head of the patients in abrasive environment. We should know that patients can be very stressful and lost control after a major head surgery. This is especially true in traumatic brain injury patients. They can bang their head to walls and the helmet should resist the forces from the banging in order to protect the head. So, in overall, the both material for inner and outer parts of the helmet were made from a very good mechanical properties polymers. Chapter 4: Result 4.1 Physical Architecture The design and chosen material was refer to functional, reliable, safety and costly. As we approached the data technique given by the ASTM standard this outcomes design would give very important benefits to us. Besides that, this most suitable material is to reduce the percentage of injury by the patient. The design we come out also very important, the outer surface material is hard, and the inner is comfortable and can absorb the high impact. The outer surface of the protection helmet using clear polycarbonate shell is easily to fabricate by the engineers. This outer surface gives the superior safety effectiveness to the patient. Figure 4.1 : Feature of Post-OP Protection Helmet Design 4.2 Logical Architecture From this post-Op helmet, the patient should refer by their doctor what kind of shape or where to put the EVA (Ethylene vinyl acetate) for inner surface on helmet as not to contact with the wound. The inner surface had a hollow part to avoid contact to the wound. The ventilations on the outer helmet help the air going in to contact the surface wound. This would help the wound healing more fasters. This also makes the patient head not feel hot and trapped with unwanted air thus make the heads skin get irritated. On the other hand, this helmet will give the amazing comfort, rugged durability, lightweight safety and stay-put in custom fit. The helmet would work great for patients post-surgery and the compliance is would be wonderful. CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION Our design has many benefits to post-surgery patient throughout the world based on the advantages like: The helmet is made from thermoplastics polymer material that lightweight, lower cost, and has many high mechanical properties. The material is crucial factor to this helmet because patient with head surgery need something that can feel very comfortable to their head. Material with least dense with be an awesome choice for them. The helmet also needs to have good mechanical properties to increase wear resistance. The helmet should be not has low strength and low hardness. The needed for these higher mechanical properties is to give protection of the head of the patients in abrasive environmentWe should know that patients can be very stressful and lost control after a major head surgery. This is especially true in traumatic brain injury patients. They can bang their head to walls and the helmet should resist the forces from the banging in order to protect the head. So, in overall, the both material for inner and outer parts of the helmet were made from a very good mechanical properties polymers. The design of the helmet also makes a very good properties and advantage for the patient. The design of the helmet is ventilation, cosmetic acceptable and functional. It views same shape as our human head shape. So that, the patient can proceeds their normal life without . Strap was adjustable, in case of emergency, the strap can be easily remove and unlock. At the ear part, the part was uncover, so it was convenience to hearing and very comfortable. CHAPTER 6: Discussion The Post -op protection helmet is use to protect the patient from head injury after head surgery. Some of these have a high risk of falling due to multiple medical complication post op. Re-bleeding is the major complication and can cause further neurological deterioration. When the helmet collide something, inside the protective helmet have EVA (Ethylene vinyl acetate), it will absorb the energy produce from the collision and the EVA can increase the time between head and the outer shell collision, so the energy will hit the helmet will decrease and can protect the head from the injury. And the outer shell will have some holes so inside the protective helmet will ventilate and the patient will feel more fresh and comfortable. The outer shell is colour less is because like can let other people easily to know the head condition, so can confirm inside the protective helmet is safe. CHAPTER 7 : BIBILOGRAPHY: Barringer, William J. (2004). The Use of Postoperative Cranial Orthoses in the Management of Craniosynostosis. Journal of Prosthetic and Orthotic, 4S(16), 56-58. Retrieved September 9, 2009 from http://www.oandp.org/jpo/library/2004_04S_056.asp Fish, D. Lima, D. (2003). An Overview of Positional Plagiocephaly and Cranial Remolding Orthoses. Journal of Prosthetic and Orthotic, 2(15), 37-47. Retrieved September 9, 2009 from http:// www. oandp.org/jpo/library/2003_02_037.asp Ryan, S., Belbin,G., Slack,M., Naumann, S., Moran, D. (1992). Development of a Modular Design, Custom-Fitted Protective Helmet. Journal of Prosthetic and Orthotic, 4(4), 213-218. Retrieved September 9, 2009 from http://www.oandp.org/ jpo/library/1992_04_213.asp CHAPTER 8: Rehabilitation Medicine Unit 8.1 History The Department of Rehabilitation Medicine started as a section of the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery in 1965 under the headship of Professor Dr. J.F. Silva. Services provided were general physiotherapy, general occupational therapy and orthopaedic appliances service. The return of UMs pioneer Rehabilitation Physician from University of London in 1984, Dr. Zaliha Omar became a starting point for the development of rehabilitation services in the UMMC as well as in Malaysia. The first service to be introduced was the Rehabilitation Medicine consultation service which provided expert consultations in the fields of general rehabilitation. In addition, Rehabilitation Medicine was introduced as a subject in the undergraduate medical curriculum in 1984. In May 1995, the need to start Masters in Rehabilitation Medicine and Masters in Sports and Rehabilitation Medicine necessitated the shift of the rehabilitation section, from the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery to the Department of Allied Health Sciences and known as the Rehabilitation Sciences Unit. The Department of Allied Health Sciences then comprised of 2 units ie the Biomedical Science Unit and the Nursing Sciences Unit. By then, the scope of rehabilitation services along with the advancement in technology and increasing patient demand; saw a paradigm shift from being a general rehabilitation service provider to a specialized rehabilitation medicine service provider which emphasized on a multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary team approach. The first such service to be introduced was the Neuromedical Rehabilitation Service in 1991. This was followed by Spinal Rehabilitation (1992), Upper Limb and Hand Rehabilitation (1992) and Burns Rehabilitation (1992). The unit then went on to develop other specialised services and continue to upgrade existing services. These include Paediatric Neurodevelopmental Rehabilitation (1995), Prosthetic Orthotic Management Service, Wheelchair Management Service (1995), Amputee Rehabilitation (1996), Sports Rehabilitation (1998), Work Rehabilitation (1998), Wound Management and Diabetic Footcare (1998), Geriatric Rehabilitation (1999), Alternative Approaches to Rehabilitation Medicine (Acupuncture Service) in 1999, Neurosurgical Rehabilitation (2002), Womens Health (2002), Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation (2003) and Cardiac Rehabilitation (2006). The Rehabilitation Sciences Unit of the Department of Allied Health Sciences under the headship of Assoc Prof Dr. Zaliha Omar initiated 2 very important academic programmes in the country namely the Master of Sport Medicine and Rehabilitation in 1996 and Master of Rehabilitation Medicine in 1997. The early days of conducting 2 new programmes in relatively unknown fields posed numerous challenges but the unit received excellent support from various parties; other departments within the faculty as well as from the international arena.à One of the valuable contributions was from Professor Balasubramaniam from the National University of Singapore who was previously Head of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya from 1979 1982. Professor Bala was appointed Visiting Professor to the unit from 1997 to 2000 and as Chair for Tun Siti Hasmahs Chair for Rehabilitation and Sport Medicine from 2000 until 2003. The Rehabilitation Medicine Unit was also very fortunate to have collaboration with the University of Melbourne and 13 of its trainees underwent elective training of 6 to 12 months in Melbourne, Australia in various fields in rehabilitation medicine as part of the 4 year masters programme. The Rehabilitation Sciences Unit produced its first graduates in 2001, and to date have produced 17 rehabilitation physicians in Malaysia. The unit has also grown, from a one-man show ie Assoc Prof Dr. Zaliha Omar in the 80s and later in 1994 joined by Dr. Tunku Nor Taayah Tunku Zubir who left in 2001, it now has 6 academic staff and 1 trainee lecturer. The year 2005 saw the retirement of UMs as well as Malaysias rehabilitation medicine icon, Assoc Prof Dato Dr. Zaliha Omar from the academic arena. However she still generously contributes her time to teaching and clinical work in UMMC as a visiting consultant. Current and Future Developments With the progress and expansion of the unit in both the academic and clinical fields, the Rehabilitation Sciences Unit put up a proposal in 2006 for the formation of the Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, a clinical department which is involved in teaching, clinical service and research. With the formation of the Department of Rehabilitation Medicine and the formalization of the merger of its academic (FOM) and clinical services (UMMC) it is hoped that the field of Rehabilitation Medicine and its multidisciplinary components is better understood and its image and function more prominent. Apart from strengthening and optimizing current clinical services, the department also plans to introduce new services as well as collaborate with other departments in the areas of vestibular rehabilitation, pulmonary rehabilitation, chronic pain management, rheumatological rehabilitation, lymphoedema management service and others. As rehabilitation medicine is a multidisciplinary discipline, the department has put in its long-term planning, academic programmes in the areas of Prosthetics and Orthotics (in collaboration with Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya), Occupational Therapy, Physiotherapy and other related fields. The department currently has 20 trainees in rehabilitation medicine who go through a 4 year clinical master programme which also incorporates a research component. With the expansion of clinical services and the increasing number of trainees in the Master of Rehabilitation Medicine programme, the department is constantly reinforcing its faculty and other staff members. The department is also very fortunate to be identified for further development in the form of a one-stop comprehensive rehabilitation medicine complex in the 9th Malaysia Plan. 8.2 Introduction of Department of Rehabilitation Medicine The Department of Rehabilitation Medicine was formed as part of the overall development of Faculty of Medicine and University of Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur for the purpose of providing clinical services in rehabilitation medicine and to provide training in the various fields of rehabilitation medicine. Apart from providing a comprehensive rehabilitation medicine service involving Rehabilitation Physicians, Medical Trainees in Rehabilitation Medicine, Physiotherapists, Occupational Therapists, Nurses and Medical Social Workers, the department is actively involved in the education of Undergraduate and Postgraduate Medical Trainees, Undergraduate Nursing Students, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy Students from the Ministry of Health, MARA University of Technology as well as private academic institutions. Continuing Professional Development of our multidisciplinary team members is a regular activity of the department. Updates in Medical Rehabilitation are organised regularly for our staff as well as relevant parties from outside the UMMC. All categories of staff have ample opportunity to participate in their respective professional development through conferences as well as courses locally and internationally. 8.4 Vision The vision of the department is to become the centre of excellence in activities for the provision of services, education, training and research in rehabilitation medicine and in all associated specialities. 8.5 Mission The Rehabilitation Medicine Unit practices multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary team approach for patient management and demand a comprehensive and a holistic care based on the individual needs of a patient. The department also considers its mission to be the centre for continuing education, training and maintenance of professional standards for Doctors and Health Professionals of various specialities associated with rehabilitation medicine. To play a catalystic role in research and development of rehabilitation medicine in University of Malaya and the country. 8.6 Services 8.61 Clinical Services There includes: General Services, Rehabilitation Medicine Consultation, Physiotherapy, Occupational Therapy and Wheelchair Management Service 8.62 Specialized Services There includes: Specialty Clinics Rehabilitation Medicine Consultation Neuro-surgical Rehabilitation Neuro-medical Rehabilitation Diabetic Footcare and Wound Management Consultation Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation Amputee Rehabilitation Paediatric Neurodevelopmental Rehabilitation Geriatric Rehabilitation Sports Rehabilitation Upper Limb and Hand Rehabilitation Burns Rehabilitation Diabetic Footcare and Wound Management Orthotics and Prosthetics Pre-Driving Assessment Work Resettlement Psychosocial Rehabilitation Swallowing Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Scoliosis Womens Health Cardiac Rehabilitation Wheelchair Seating Clinic Vestibular Rehabilitation 8.7 Support Group Activities Apart from providing the core rehabilitation services, the Department of Rehabilitation Medicine is also involved in co-ordinating various activities such as the following Alvina Woodworthhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07502565603875018215noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6098740771829843072.post-60767788528382905142019-11-13T15:22:00.001-08:002019-11-13T15:22:02.845-08:00Mystical Experiences :: essays research papers Mystical or Spiritual experiences occur everyday in so many ways for so many different people. Some people tend to encounter these experiences through religious rituals or even just on thoughts of life itself. Whatever the thoughts or feelings may be, everybody has such an experience sometime during their life. Could the feelings that some may have be reactions in the brain or acts of God to help us realize our faith, and discover new mysteries that may lie ahead of us? Hearing many stories of different individuals can give us new insight into the beliefs of others and of ours as well. à à à à à My first interview involved my grandmother, Elizabeth Barajas. She stated that she has had many spiritual experiences in life. She was brought up in a catholic educational system throughout her whole life and was raised by a very strict mother that had a firm and strong belief in God and faith. My grandmother chose to talk to me about my great grandmother, her mom, Esther P. Kelly. My great grandmother always attended church and would pray constantly during the day and night. My grandma was always curious as to why her mother was always praying. All through out childhood she would just watch my great grandma pray and do other religious acts of worship. When she became an adult she was finally able to ask my great grandma why it was that she prayed so much and how it came to be. My great grandmother answered by saying that she knows God can hear her prayers. She then said that while she prays she can no longer hear any outside interference or anybody else speak. Sh e said it feels as if she is in a secluded dark place all by herself and that she has conversations with God. She said that sometimes she doesnââ¬â¢t even feel the touch of my grandma when she needed something. My great grandma also attended mass just about every day and she loved to sing along with the choir. According to my great grandma, she feels a chill down her spine when she sings and she feels a sort of heavenly and peaceful presence around her. She said that she would get so caught up in the moment that she would forget all about her personal problems and the problems that awaited her outside the church doors. For some reason, my great grandmother had spiritual experiences or feelings whenever she was involved with her beliefs and rituals. Alvina Woodworthhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07502565603875018215noreply@blogger.com0